Much has been written about Alva Myrdal of Sweden, a sociologist who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982.  Myrdal was an international diplomat during the Cold War who wrote one of the most influential books on nuclear disarmament of the late 20th Century, The Game of Disarmament:  How the United States and Russia Run the Arms Race (1981).  However, to date insufficient attention has been paid to the role played by Myrdal’s feminine and photogenic, movie-star-like appearance in enhancing the appeal of her powerful, erudite nonviolent messages on myriad problems confronting the world during the Cold War.  Myrdal was a nonconformist in traditional clothing. A mother of three, she wrote about how to properly rear children while she often left her own offspring with others so she could travel internationally, pursuing her own career and supporting her husband’s work.  Understanding the visual rhetoric of Myrdal as an international diplomat and peace-builder wielding scathing critiques of the burgeoning globalized military-industrial complex is important because the Cold War was not only waged with words and weapons in proxy wars, such as the Soviets in Afghanistan or the Americans in Korea and Vietnam, but importantly, it was a war waged with images.  This study of Myrdal’s visual portrayals in the international mass media demonstrates that women public figures who purvey unpopular peace messages can help serve rhetorically as mediators of meaning whose suasory function paves the way for subsequent leaders to make substantive peace-building progress in areas such as weapons reduction.
Women and Langauge

Visual Representations of Women in the Cold War

From Housewife to Bombshell
Visual representations of women in the Cold War did important political work.  The image of the American housewife contributed to the visual lexicon of a consumer-oriented 1950s lifestyle, while in Europe, images of women conveyed either capitalist glamour or socialist worker aesthetics.  This special issue bridges scholarship which interrogates public texts on both sides of the Atlantic and on both sides of the Iron Curtain, and demonstrates how images of women informed Cold War paradigms.

 

 

peace............diplomacy...........war.............domesticity.............
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The Cook, The Thief
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“Venus Envy: Alva Myrdal’s Visual Rhetoric of Feminine Peace Diplomacy in the Cold War”
by
Ellen W. Gorsevski
"Serving Country, Serving Family: Visual Images of Cold War Domesticity in Seventeen Magazine"
by
Katherine Hampsten
This essay explores a collection of visual representations of women within food-related content in articles and advertisements in Seventeen magazine from 1945 through 1995. During World War II, young women are depicted with food as a means of sustenance, typically featured against the pastoral backdrop of a farm.  These images often serve the war effort directly; for example, a young woman pictured volunteering on a farm is said to be serving her country.  In contrast, during the Cold War, food images move from the public sphere of country to the private sphere of traditional home life.  These images connect women and food and support the visual rhetoric of an idealized domestic life in service to men and family.  In addition, following the consumer push of the 1950s, young women are encouraged to collect (purchase) fine china, silver, linens, and kitchen appliances for their future careers as housewives.  The women are rarely imagined actually eating food, but are instead shown serving it abundantly to others.  After the Cold War, the magazine images connect women with food within the new context of women’s health and enjoyment.  In this essay, I examine the work done by images of women during the Cold War, focusing in particular on food-related content where women are imagined as selflessly serving food to men and children within the domestic sphere. In contrast to the wartime images of frugality, the Cold War images create a feeling of domestic security within the home through material goods and plentiful food.
"The Cook, the Thief, his Wife and her Mother: Complicating Images of the Cold War Housewife"
by
Elisabeth Ross
The 1950s housewife’s temporal elasticity rests in its circulation as a visual text in the public sphere, where it continues to negotiate meaning. The image of the housewife has been imitated, copied, protested and parodied, and with each appropriation, the icon contributes to the renegotiation of broader debates, complicating and managing inconsistencies, as Hariman and Lucaites point out, rather than resolving conflicts entirely. The imagined housewife, situated in domestic space fraught with Cold War tensions, remains a useful tool for studying this era’s public culture. Domestic space, in particular the bedroom and the kitchen, are sites which contain the privacy which Deborah Nelson argues becomes suddenly visible during the period of excessive Cold War security.
Jackie Kennedy’s White House tour supports the idea that American audiences found the image of a national housewife appealing, but in the kitchen photographs of Ethel and Marina, the housewife icon proves less wieldy and predictable. Perhaps the longevity of image of the 1950s housewife lies in this productive resistance to containment, and in its shape-shifting performances, which traverse visual and discursive forms, and which invite continued criticism and reflection.

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